Although there are many precautions you must take after spinal fusion surgery, low-impact aerobic activity such as walking is part of the standard rehabilitation protocol, according to physical therapist Ron Miller. Fusion surgery is often recommended when back pain does not improve after exhausting non-surgical treatment or in cases of structural deformity, such as scoliosis. Each spinal fusion case is unique, so consult with your surgeon or physical therapist before engaging in any new cardio activity
Early Post-Op Cardio
Within the first 24 hours following spinal fusion surgery, walking is not only permitted but encouraged. Walking is a low-impact cardio activity that increases blood flow and assists the healing process. The more frequently you walk, the more oxygen gets delivered to the recovering tissue and bone. Initially, your goal should be to walk as often as possible for short bursts of time. After you return home from surgery, you can focus on increasing the duration and the distance with each outing.
Water Cardio Conditioning
Water exercise, such as water walking or deep-water calisthenics, is another safe and effective form of cardio activity for spinal fusion patients. Dr. Peter F. Ullrich Jr. recommends water exercise because of the buoyancy effect, which minimizes stress on the back. Exercising in the water can increase mobility while allowing for more range of motion with less pain. Graduating from walking around the block to the pool also adds the element of resistance that builds muscle strength in addition to cardio conditioning.
Exercise Equipment Cardio Conditioning
Immediately following surgery, walking is the safest form of cardio exercise. After about 10 weeks, regular aerobic conditioning is recommended to help the fusion set up well. After weeks of walking on land or in the water, you can begin to use the cardio equipment found in most fitness facilities, such as an elliptical machine, stationary bicycle or treadmill. To avoid boredom, you may want to alternate between the options. Start slow and work up to about 30 minutes a day, as long as the movement does not induce or increase pain.
Cardio to Be Avoided
After spinal fusion surgery, it is extremely important to keep your spine in proper alignment and avoid movement that could jar the newly fused vertebrae. High-impact cardio exercise is not recommended, especially when it involves abrupt sudden movements. Running on pavement, high-impact dance aerobics, jumping rope and contact sports like rugby, soccer and football should be avoided. As you return to your pre-surgery lifestyle, continue to communicate with your physician to ensure you are following an exercise regimen that is tailored for your situation.
