Energy
As a ball drops toward the ground, it gains energy. When the ball hits the floor, the inside of the ball compresses from gravity and the created energy. The compressed innards respond by quickly reverting back to the original ball shape. This action, combined with the downward energy, forces the energy upward and causes the ball to bounce. The material that your ball is made of will change the height of the bounce. For example, a golf ball will bounce higher than a baseball because the baseball is mainly made of yarn and cork. Yarn and cork do not bounce well.
Ball
The inside of a golf ball contains bands of rubber surrounding a rubber or liquid core. Some golf balls are made with a solid core from plastic or a high-energy material without the rubber-band covering. The nonwound golf balls have a softer shell and are easier to control. Both plastic and rubber have the ability to bounce, so when you hit or drop a golf ball, it bounces once, twice or three times, depending on the height from which it drops.
Temperature
The outside temperature or the golf ball's temperature will affect the height of the bounce. Cold air constricts the rubber inside a golf ball. When the rubber is constricted and the ball hits the ground, the action of rubber reverting to the original ball shape takes up less space. Since the rubber is cold, it does not have as far to move as it would if it were warm. Therefore, the energy created from the drop is absorbed by the cold rubber instead of used to propel the ball upward. Another example of how materials absorb the energy is if you drop putty on the floor. Putty does not bounce. The material cannot revert to an original shape, so the putty restricts energy movement.
Experiment
To test the difference between a frozen and nonfrozen golf ball, you will need two golf balls. Place one ball in a freezer for an hour. Hold a ball in each hand at the same height and drop them on the ground at the same time. Your results should show the nonfrozen golf ball bounces higher than the frozen ball. Your frozen golf ball bounces approximately 70 percent as high as the ball at room temperature.